BELL comes from the Latin word meaning "war." Bellona was the little-known Roman goddess of war. her husband, Mars, was the god of war.
Antebellum, bellicose, belligerence, rebellion

PAC/PEAS is related to the Latin words for "agree" and "peace." The Pacific
Ocean-that is, the "Peaceful Ocean"-was named by Magellan because it seemed
so calm after the storms near Carp Horn. (He obviously never witnessed a
Pacific hurricane.)
Pacify, pacifist, pact, appease,

HOSP/HOST comes from the Latin word hopes and its stem hospital- meaning
both host and guest. Many words based on it came to English through
French, which often 0dropped the -pi-, leaving host-. Hospitality was once a
house for religious pilgrims and other travelers, or a home for the aged.

Hostage, hospice, hostile, inhospitable

AM/IM comes from the Latin word amare, to love. Amiable means friendly
or good-natured, and amigo is Spanish for friend.
Amicable, enamored, inimical, paramour

CRIM comes from the Latin for fault or crime or accusation, and
produces such English words as crime and criminal.
Criminology, decriminalize, incriminate, recrimination

PROB/PROV comes from the Latin words for prove or proof and honesty or
integrity. To prove a statement is to make it honest, and probate court
is where the genuineness of the wills of deceased people must be proved.
Approbation, disprove, probity, reprobate

GRAV comes from the Latin word meaning heavy, weighty, serious. Thus, a
grave matter is serious and important.
Gravid, gravities, gravitate, gravity

LEV comes from the Latin adjective levis, meaning light and the verb
leaver, meaning to raise or lighten. Levitation is the magicians trick
in which a body seems to rise into the air by itself. And a lever is a bar
used to lift something by means of leverage.
Alleviate, elevate, leavening, levity


Unit2
AG comes from the Latin word for do, go, lead, and drive’. An agenda is a
list of things to be done. An agent is usually someone who does things on
behalf of another, just as an agency is an office that does business for
others.
Agitate, litigate, prodigal, synagogue

VEN/VENT comes from venire, the Latin verb meaning come. To intervene in
a case or an argument is to come between the two opponents. An avenue is
a street, or originally an access road by which to come toward something.
Groups come together at a convention.
Advent, provenance, venturesome, venue

CAP/CEP/CIP comes from capere, the Latin verb meaning take, seize.
Capture, which is what a captor does to a captive, but now means only to
capture mentally through charm or appeal. In some other English words this
root produces, its meaning is harder to find.
Reception, incipient, perceptible, susceptible

FIN comes from the Latin word for end or boundary. Final describes last
things, and a finale or a finish is an ending. But it’s meaning is harder
to trace in some of the other English words derived from it.
Affinity, definitive, infinitesimal, finite

JAC/JEC comes from jacere, the Latin verb meaning throw or hurl. To
reject something is to throw (or push) it back. To eject something is to
throw (or drive) it out. To object is to throw something in the way of
something else.
Adjacent, conjecture, dejected, trajectory

TRACT comes from trahere, the Latin verb meaning drag of draw. Something
attractive draws us toward it. A tractor drags other vehicles behind it,
with the help of the traction of its wheels.
Detract, protracted, retraction, intractable

DUC, from the Latin verb ducere, to lead, shows up constantly in English.
Duke means basically leader. The Italian dictator Mussolini was known
simply as II Duce. But such words as produce and reduce also contain the
root, even though their meanings show it less clearly.
Conducive, deduction, induce, seduction

SEC/SEQU comes from the Latin verb sequi, meaning to follow. A sequel
follows the original novel, film, or television show. The second follows
the first. But a non sequitur is a conclusion that does not follow from
what was said before.
Consequential, execute, obsequious, sequential

Unit3
AMBI/AMPHI means on both sides or around. ambi- comes from Latin and
amphi- from Greek. An ambidextrous person can use the right and the left
hand equally well. An amphibian, such as a frog or salamander, is able to
live and breathe both on land and in the water.
Ambiguous, ambient, ambivalent, amphitheater

EP/EPI comes from Greek and means variously upon, besides, attached
to, over, outer,’ or after. An epiphenomenon is a phenomenon that
occurs as a result of the original phenomenon. An epicenter is the portion
of the earths surface directly over the focus of an earthquake. The
epidermis is
The outer layer of the skin, overlying the inner layer or dermis.
Ephemeral, epiphyte, epitaph, epithet

HYPO/HYP as a prefix can mean variously under, beneath, down,
or below normal. Many hypo- words are medical. A hypodermic needle
injects medication under the skin. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can
be just as unhealthy as hypertension, and hypoglycemia, low blood sugar,
just as unhealthy as diabetes.
Hypochondriac, hypocrisy, hypothermia, hypothetical

THERM/THERMO comes from the Greek word meaning warm. A thermometer
measures the amount of warmth in a body, the air, or an oven. a thermostat
makes sure the temperature stays at the same level. In a thermodynamic
process, heat affects the behavior of atoms, particles, or molecules.
Thermoelectricity is produced by the direct action of heat on certain
combinations of metals.
Thermal, thermo cline, thermocouple, thermonuclear

POLY comes from polys, the Greek word for many, Polysyllabic words, of
which there are a few in this book, are words of many syllables. Polygamy
is marriage in which one has many spouses, or at least more than the legal
limit of one. A polygraph is an instrument for recording variations in many
different bodily pulsations simultaneously to reveal whether someone is
lying.
Polychromatic, polyglot, polymer, polyphony

PRIM comes from primus, the Latin word for first. Something that is
primary is first in time, development, rank, or importance.
A primer is a book of first instructions on a subject. A primate is a
bishop or archbishop of the first rank-but also a monkey or ape.
Something primitive is in its first stage of development. Something
primeval had its origin in the first period of world or human history.
Primal, precipitous, primogeniture, primordial

HOM/HOMO comes from homos, the Greek word for same. In an English word it
can mean one and the same or similar or alike, A homograph is one of
two or more words spelled alike but different in meaning or derivation or
pronunciation. A homosexual is a person who exhibits sexual desire toward
others of the same sex.
Homonym, homogeneous, homologous, homophone

DIS comes from Latin, where it means apart. In English, its meanings have
increased to include do the opposite of (as in disestablish), deprive
of (as in disfranchise), exclude or expel from’ (disbar), the opposite
or absence of (disunion, disaffection),
Not’ (disagreeable), and ‘completely’ (disannul). The original meaning
can still be seen in a word like dissipate, which means to break up and
scatter.
Diffraction, dissension, disseminate, dissipate

Unit4
VOR, from the Latin verb vorare, means to eat. The ending
-ivorous shows up in words that refer to eaters of certain kinds of food.
Frugivorous (for fruit-eating) are somewhat common. Some -ivorous words
such as insectivorous and nectarivorous, are easy to understand at a
glance. Others can get pretty complex. insects that feed on the sap of
plants, for instance, are phytosuccivorous.
Carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, voracious

CARN comes from the Latin carn-, the stem of caro, flesh, and words
including this root usually refer to flesh in some form. The word
carnivore, for example, which we met in the preceding section, means an
eater of meat.
Carnage, carnal, carnival, incarnation

CRED comes from credere, the Latin verb meaning to believe. If something
is credible it is believable, and if it is incredible it is almost
unbelievable. We have a good credit rating when institutions believe in our
ability to repay a loan, and we carry credentials so that others will
believe we are who we say we are.
Credence, creditable, credulity, creed

FID comes from fides, the Latin word for faith. Fidelity is another word
for faithfulness. Confidence is having faith in someone or something. And
an infidel is someone who lacks a particular kind of religious faith.
Affidavit, diffident, fiduciary, perfidy

CURR/CURS comes from currere, the Latin verb meaning to run. Although the
sense of speed may be lacking from words based on this root, the sense of
movement remains. Current, for instance, refers to running water in a
stream or river. And an excursion is a trip from one place to another.
Concurrent, cursory, discursive, precursor

PED comes from the Latin ped-, the stem of pes, meaning foot, which is
related to the Greek pod- and pous, with the same meaning. From ped- we get
pedicure, care of the feet, toes, and toenails. From pod- we get
podiatrist, a foot doctor.
Expedient, expedite, impediment, pedestrian

FLECT/FLEX comes from flectere, the Latin verb meaning to bend. Things
that are flexible can be bent. When light is reflected, it is bent and
bounces back to us.
Deflect, flexor, genuflect, inflection

POST comes from a Latin word meaning after or behind. A postscript is a
note that comes after an otherwise completed letter, usually as an
afterthought. Postpartum refers to the period following childbirth and all
of its related events and complications. To postdate a check is to five it
a date after the day when it was written.
Posterior, posthumous, postmodern, postmortem